Technical notes and assessments. Every claim comes with its primary source.
From the photoelectric effect to antibunching: the three criteria that force light to be treated as a quantum field — single-photon level, non-classical correlations (g(2)(0) < 1), and vacuum fluctuations — plus the HBT measurement method.
The vertical cavity (two DBR mirrors) lets VCSELs be tested at wafer level and built into arrays; combined with the 850 nm multimode ecosystem, that makes them the most economical short-reach data-center laser. This article breaks down the structure, manufacturing advantages, mainstream wavelengths, and reach limits.
Cavity structure sets spectral purity; modulation method sets speed. FPLD is cheapest but multimode, DFB is the stable single-mode workhorse behind WDM, and EML integrates a high-speed modulator on one chip. Together they form a cost × speed ladder, each matched to different links.
The core question of high-power manufacturing lasers: how to keep near-diffraction-limited beam quality at kilowatt-level power. The answer is MOPA — the seed sets beam quality, the amplifier sets power, and the two are decoupled; combined with multi-stage Yb-doped fiber amplification, pump combining, and isolators, verified with a concrete JPT optical path.
Reviews leading applicants and technical directions from public patents.
Tests the corrected status and the revision list at the end of an article.
Reviews capex and R&D expense ratios over the last three years of reports.