http://192.168.1.101/en/Recent content on Everything is based on scienceHugoenTue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/quantum-optics-intro/Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/quantum-optics-intro/From the photoelectric effect to antibunching: the three criteria that force light to be treated as a quantum field — single-photon level, non-classical correlations (g(2)(0) &lt; 1), and vacuum fluctuations — plus the HBT measurement method.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/qkd-key-generation/Wed, 07 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/qkd-key-generation/Follow a consistent phase-encoded decoy-state BB84 example from two-bin states and SPAD events to authenticated processing; distinguish detection, QBER and finite-key security.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/datarate-bandwidth/Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/datarate-bandwidth/Separate bit/s, baud and Hz, then examine pulse shaping, PAM4 levels and Shannon capacity. Distinguish nominal Ethernet rates, raw coded line rates and real-link conditions.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/electro-optic-modulator/Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/electro-optic-modulator/Separate EOM mechanisms, MZ/ring readout structures and material platforms. Compare demonstrated rates with their format, bias, BER/FEC criteria and energy boundary.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-scale-principle/Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-scale-principle/How relative grating displacement becomes quadrature signals and a fine output step: connected transmission optics, grating overlap, sine/cosine phase and interpolation. Distinguish signal period, grating period, resolution and accuracy.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/special-fiber/Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/special-fiber/Four figures connect specialty-fiber structures to PM alignment, double-clad pumping and effective mode area. Distinguish physical core size, MFD, pump-launch channels and M², and read named-product specs with their test conditions.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/eye-diagram/Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/eye-diagram/See how clock-aligned waveforms form an eye, compare noise, jitter and ISI on common scales, and read eye height/width with stated statistical rules. Eye appearance alone does not establish BER.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/screw-driven-stages/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/screw-driven-stages/A screw-driven stage converts motor rotation to linear travel via a screw. Trapezoidal screws are friction-driven, have backlash, and are cheap; ball screws use ball recirculation, near-zero backlash, and higher precision. Steppers run open-loop from step angle; DC servos use encoder closed-loop, faster and tighter. Motor-axis angle, platform positioning, and workpiece tolerance are three different quantities.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/multi-axis-hexapod-stages/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/multi-axis-hexapod-stages/Connected serial XY stages and six-leg parallel geometry, with clear translation/rotation labels and geometric squareness/Abbe-error examples.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/piezo-stages/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/piezo-stages/A piezo stack directly moves a short-travel flexure stage; a walking motor accumulates longer travel. The figures distinguish low static power from mechanical self-locking, and show hysteresis, creep and actual-position feedback.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/multimode-fiber/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/multimode-fiber/Three figures explain modal dispersion, OM1–OM5 OFL/EMB bandwidth and when mode-conditioning cords apply. Read specifications with wavelength, launch and link conditions.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/single-mode-fiber/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/single-mode-fiber/Four focused figures explain loss, pulse spreading, single-mode conditions and MFD coupling, comparing field widths across wavelengths and products while separating specifications from teaching examples.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/fiber-spec-overview/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/fiber-spec-overview/What do 9/125, NA, MFD, attenuation, dispersion, and bandwidth on a fiber spec sheet each specify? This article gives a parameter map and the classification …http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-comm-spec-om-pam4-pam8/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-comm-spec-om-pam4-pam8/What do OM4, PAM4, and 800GBASE-SR8 on a module spec sheet each specify? OM is the multimode-fiber class (set by core diameter and bandwidth), PAM4 and PAM8 are modulation formats (bits per symbol), and the spec name layers on lane count and reach. This article separates the terms and gives a comparable reach table.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/motion-platform-overview/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/motion-platform-overview/Motion platforms classify along two dimensions — drive principle (screw, linear motor, piezo, voice coil) and axis configuration (single-axis, multi-axis, hexapod). Selection is driven by four requirements: accuracy, travel, speed, and load. Separate the five spec quantities first, then match to a type.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/linear-motor-stages/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/linear-motor-stages/A linear motor applies force directly to the carriage with no screw in between, eliminating lead error and backlash; positioning precision is then set by the optical linear encoder and rails, so it can reach sub-micron. A coreless mover avoids detent force and is smoothest; an iron-core mover gives more force but has cogging. The cost is higher price, mover mass affecting acceleration, and a magnetic field that needs shielding.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/voice-coil-stages/Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/voice-coil-stages/How a voice coil creates axial force, why a carriage still needs guidance, how coil/field overlap sets useful travel, and why sustained force causes heating.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/stage-accuracy-below-1um/Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/stage-accuracy-below-1um/Write the 1 μm acceptance definition clearly, then hold the error with carriage-position feedback, error compensation, thermal management, and work-point geometry. The XMS ±0.75 μm is the compensated axial guarantee, corresponding to a 1.5 μm total band; a material elongation or a scale reading is not directly the work-point positioning error.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/cnc-workpiece-accuracy/Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/cnc-workpiece-accuracy/A drawing that says 10 μm or 1 μm is asking about the finished part. ISO 230-2 positioning accuracy A describes a single axis only: an uncompensated 3-axis miller measured 20–33 μm on X; after compensation single-axis A fell to 1.3–1.7 μm while the two-axis ballbar positioning tolerance stayed around 10–13 μm. This article maps the two tolerance levels onto two published machine tests.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/motion-stage-motors/Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/motion-stage-motors/From Oriental Motor steppers with ball screws to Newport DC servo and linear-motor stages: separate step angle, feedback position, minimum increment, and positioning accuracy. Converting ±0.05° to ±1.4 μm is only the motor-error component at a 10 mm lead; a 1 nm minimum increment is not a stage or workpiece tolerance.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/conventional-machining-limits/Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/conventional-machining-limits/Turning, milling, and drilling all cut with a pre-made edge — and the limit is not &ldquo;sharpen the tool a bit.&rdquo; Tool-nose radius sets the ripple, edge radius sets the minimum chip, temperature makes the machine itself grow, and a silicon atom spacing is about 425,000 times smaller than a 0.1 mm end mill. Chip patterns and EUV optical surfaces are therefore not made by cutters.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-module-speed-evolution/Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-module-speed-evolution/400G/800G/1.6T/3.2T are the total data rate of an optical module (per-lane rate × lane count), not the rate of a single wavelength or lane. This article breaks down the formula, the four standard generations (802.3bs/df/dj), PAM4 modulation and distance variants, and the electrical bottleneck plus CPO route for 1.6T/3.2T.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-comm-laser-types/Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-comm-laser-types/Cavity structure sets spectral purity; modulation method sets speed. FPLD is cheapest but multimode, DFB is the stable single-mode workhorse behind WDM, and EML integrates a high-speed modulator on one chip. Together they form a cost × speed ladder, each matched to different links.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/vcsel-structure-and-wavelengths/Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/vcsel-structure-and-wavelengths/The vertical cavity (two DBR mirrors) lets VCSELs be tested at wafer level and built into arrays; combined with the 850 nm multimode ecosystem, that makes them the most economical short-reach data-center laser. This article breaks down the structure, manufacturing advantages, mainstream wavelengths, and reach limits.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/high-power-fiber-laser-mopa/Mon, 28 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/high-power-fiber-laser-mopa/The core question of high-power manufacturing lasers: how to keep near-diffraction-limited beam quality at kilowatt-level power. The answer is MOPA — the seed sets beam quality, the amplifier sets power, and the two are decoupled; combined with multi-stage Yb-doped fiber amplification, pump combining, and isolators, verified with a concrete JPT optical path.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-transceiver-module-architecture/Mon, 28 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-transceiver-module-architecture/An optical transceiver is the standardized interface between switches and fiber: transmitter (laser + driver + modulation), receiver (photodetector + TIA + DSP), the IM-DD and coherent routes, SFP-to-OSFP packaging, and silicon-photonics integration. This article breaks down the full architecture of a modern module.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/q3-gross-margin/Sun, 27 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/q3-gross-margin/Examines gross margin trends using financial reports and filings from Taiwan&rsquo;s Market Observation Post System (MOPS).http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/pkg-capacity/Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/pkg-capacity/Collects capacity and capex data disclosed at investor conferences and in annual reports.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/fs-laser-patents/Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/fs-laser-patents/Reviews leading applicants and technical directions from public patents.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/corrected-example/Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/corrected-example/Tests the corrected status and the revision list at the end of an article.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-interconnect/Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/optical-interconnect/Compiles optical-interconnect revenue disclosures from the last four quarters of earnings reports.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/tfln-paper/Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/tfln-paper/Reads the original paper and extracts measured numbers such as bandwidth and drive voltage.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/qkd-spec/Wed, 09 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/qkd-spec/Compares key rates and transmission distances from public datasheets.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/laser-capex/Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/laser-capex/Reviews capex and R&amp;D expense ratios over the last three years of reports.http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/foundry-pricing/Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0800http://192.168.1.101/en/posts/foundry-pricing/Compares statements made at investor conferences against MOPS filings.http://192.168.1.101/en/about/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000http://192.168.1.101/en/about/<p>This site starts from science and technology development, and offers professional knowledge and coverage of how related industry technology is evolving.</p> <p>Our topics include optical communications, lasers, machining, electromechanical control and semiconductors. Content falls into two kinds:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Professional knowledge:</strong> the principles, structure and limits behind a technology, explaining why it is designed the way it is and how far it can go.</li> <li><strong>Industry technology development:</strong> how the technologies and industries are evolving, what a new development means technically, and which problems remain open.</li> </ul> <p>A few things worth knowing when reading:</p>http://192.168.1.101/en/demo/thermal-expansion/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000http://192.168.1.101/en/demo/thermal-expansion/Interactive component demo. Draft; not published.